High Blood Pressure Medications
Treating high blood pressure will help prevent problems such as heart disease, stroke, loss of eyesight, chronic kidney disease, and other blood vessel diseases.
You may need to take medicines to lower your blood pressure if lifestyle changes are not enough to bring your blood pressure to the target level.
WHEN ARE MEDICINES FOR HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE USED
Most of the time, your health care provider will try lifestyle changes first and check your BP two or more times.
If your blood pressure is 120/80 to 129/80 mm Hg, you have elevated blood pressure.
- Your provider will recommend lifestyle changes to bring your blood pressure down to a normal range.
- Medicines are rarely used at this stage.
If your blood pressure is equal to or higher than 130/80 but lower than 140/90 mm Hg, you have Stage 1 high blood pressure. When thinking about the best treatment, you and your provider must consider:
- If you have no other diseases or risk factors, your provider may recommend lifestyle changes and repeat the measurements after a few months.
- If your blood pressure remains equal to or higher than 130/80 but lower than 140/90 mm Hg, your provider may recommend medicines to treat high blood pressure.
- If you have other diseases or risk factors, your provider may be more likely to recommend medicines at the same time as lifestyle changes.
MEDICINES FOR HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
Most of the time, only a single drug will be used at first. Two drugs may be started if you have stage 2 high blood pressure.
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How Do I Lower My Blood Pressure
The steps to lower your blood pressure aren’t as painful as you may be thinking. If you smoke, you’ll need to stop. Otherwise, lowering your blood pressure is as easy as the “more of this, less of that” approach you’re used to hearing about, including:
- Maintaining a healthy weight. If you’re overweight, a loss of as few as 10 pounds can lower your blood pressure.
- Consuming low levels of salt. Keep your salt intake under 1,500 mg/day.
- Getting plenty of exercise. Try to exercise for at least 90 minutes every week.
- Limiting alcohol. Keep your alcohol intake to one drink per day if you’re a woman, or two drinks per day if you’re a man.
- Eating healthy. Aim for a diet low in saturated and trans fats and rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains.
“Not only may young people be tempted to brush off their elevated or high blood pressure,” says Dr. Nasir, “but they are less likely to be diagnosed by doctors during their office visits. Apart from taking steps now to reduce risk factors down the road, its important to discuss with your doctor if your blood pressure is consistently high.”
Next Steps:
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How Can I Be More Active
- Check first with your healthcare provider before increasing your physical activity. Ask your provider what type and amount of exercise is right for you.
- Choose aerobic activities such as walking, biking or swimming.
- Start slowly and increase activity gradually. Aim for a regular routine of activity five times a week for 30 to 45 minutes each session.
What Is Stage 1 High Blood Pressure
Stage 1 high blood pressure is the early, milder stage of high blood pressure. It is defined as persistent blood pressure of 130 to 139 mm Hg systolic OR 80 to 89 mm Hg diastolic 130/80 mm Hg to 139/89 mm Hg. This means if either the top number or bottom number falls within the range, you may have Stage 1 high blood pressure.
Table 1: Stage 1 High Blood Pressure Definition from the 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Guidelines
Your doctor will measure your blood pressure on several days or visits to find out if your blood pressure stays high over time. Your doctor may also ask you to take and track your blood pressure at home. If the average numbers are 130 to 139 mm Hg systolic OR 80 to 89 mm Hg diastolic , you may have Stage 1 high blood pressure.
Finding out you have high blood pressure early lets you start lowering your high blood pressure early. Lowering your blood pressure can help prevent damage to the blood vessels, heart, brain, and kidneys. It can prevent serious disease.
Less pressure, more health!
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Set Weight Loss Goals
If your doctor has recommended you lose weight, talk with them about an optimal weight loss goal for you. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends a weight loss goal of one to two pounds a week. This can be achieved through a more nutritious diet and increased physical exercise.
Employing the help of a trainer or fitness app, and possibly even a dietician, are all methods to help you learn how to make the best choices for your body and your lifestyle.
Why Is It Important To Know If You Have High Blood Pressure
Early detection of high blood pressure is very important. Often referred to as the silent killer because it may show no symptoms, high blood pressure puts you at an increased risk for heart disease, heart failure, and stroke, among other things. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2013, more than 360,000 deaths in the United States included high blood pressure as a primary or contributing cause.
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Who Is Affected By High Blood Pressure
Approximately 1 in 3, more than 100 million, American adults have high blood pressure. But only half of those people have their condition under control. Many people develop high blood pressure when they are in their late 30s or early 40s, and it occurs more frequently as people age. However, because of the obesity epidemic, more and more children are also developing high blood pressure.
High Blood Pressure Risk Factors You Can Change
Physical Activity: Not getting enough physical activity increases the risk of getting high blood pressure. Physical activity is great for the heart, circulatory system and blood pressure. Aim to get about 20-30 minutes a day.
Obesity: Excess weight puts an extra strain on the heart and circulatory system causing serious health problems. It also increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and high blood pressure.
Nutrition: Good nutrition from a variety of sources is critical for your health. A diet too high in calories, saturated and trans fat and sugar carry an additional risk of high blood pressure. Making healthy food choices can help lower blood pressure.
Excess Alcohol: Regular, heavy use of alcohol can cause many health problems including heart failure, stroke and an irregular heartbeat. It can cause blood pressure to increase dramatically and increase the risk of cancer, obesity, suicide and accidents.
High Cholesterol: More than half of the people with high blood pressure also have high cholesterol.
Smoking and Tobacco: Using tobacco can cause blood pressure to temporarily increase and can contribute to damaged arteries.
Lack Of Sleep and Sleep Apnea: Obstructive sleep apnea may increase risk of developing high blood pressure and is common in people with resistant hypertension.
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How Does Blood Pressure Affect My Health
Even if you’re only in your 20s or 30s, long-term studies show that having elevated blood pressure significantly increases your risk of developing serious health conditions later in life.
“Uncontrolled high blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart disease in middle age, which is the leading cause of death in the U.S.,” says Dr. Nasir. “It’s also a risk factor for stroke, kidney disease and several eye conditions.”
Plus, high blood pressure affects more than just your health there are financial implications, too. A person with high blood pressure spends almost $2,000 a year on the associated medications and health costs. These costs skyrocket if high blood pressure is left uncontrolled and serious medical conditions, such as heart disease, result.
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High Blood Pressure Treatment
The best way to lower blood pressure begins with changes you can make to your lifestyle to help lower your blood pressure and reduce your risk of heart disease. Additionally, your doctor may prescribe medicine to lower your blood pressure. These are called antihypertensive medicines.
The goal of treatment is to reduce your blood pressure to normal levels. Your doctor may prescribe medicine thats easy to take and has few, if any, side effects. This treatment is highly successful. If your blood pressure can only be controlled with medicine, youll need to take the medicine for the rest of your life. It is common to need more than one medicine to help control your blood pressure. Dont stop taking the medicine without talking with your doctor. Otherwise, you may increase your risk of having a stroke or heart attack.
High Blood Pressure Risk Factors You Cannot Change
- Age: People are more likely to get high blood pressure as they get older. The blood vessels gradually lose some of their elasticity, which can contribute to increased blood pressure.
- Family History: If parents or other close relatives have high blood pressure, theres an increased chance you can get it too.
- Gender: Up to age 64, men are more likely to get high blood pressure than women are. At age 65 and older, women are more likely to get high blood pressure.
- Ethnicity: African-Americans are more likely to develop high blood pressure than any other racial background in the United States.
- Chronic Kidney Disease: High Blood Pressure may occur as a result of kidney disease. In addition, having HBP may cause further kidney damage.
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The Consequences Of High Blood Pressure Stage 1
If you have high blood pressure stage 1, it makes you more likely to develop higher blood pressure. High blood pressure is something you definitely want to prevent because it can lead to more severe health issues. Therefore, what are the consequences of high blood pressure stage 1?
High blood pressure stage 1 is serious because it can lead to the following consequences:
- Sexual Dysfunction
- Peripheral Artery Disease
I speak to many people right after finding out they have high blood pressure. They all say theyre going to start making changes as recommended by the doctor.
Most of the time, when I see them returning for a follow up visit, they tell me they havent been doing the things they should be doing. The important part is actually taking action and following the recommendations. Whats good knowing about high blood pressure and not acting on it?
Blunting The Progression Of Hypertension With Lifestyle Therapy
Age-related increases in blood pressure may not be inevitable. Data suggest that low body mass index and adherence to a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet are associated with a low risk for hypertension over 30 years of follow-up.,, Lifestyle modification is the cornerstone of hypertension prevention and treatment.
Although much of the data on lifestyle interventions identifies blood pressure reduction rather than clinical events as the primary end point,, there is a well-established relationship between rising blood pressure and adverse cardiovascular events., Evidence-based lifestyle interventions supported by the AHA statement include reducing sodium intake, enhancing potassium intake, decreasing alcohol intake, and increasing physical activity. PREMIER trial found significant and sustained blood pressure reductions and less use of hypertensive medications in patients randomized to established lifestyle therapy plus the DASH diet. At 18 months, there was a lower prevalence of hypertension and less use of hypertensive medications . The change in prevalence of hypertension between 6-month and 18-month follow-up could have derived from multiple challenges to maintain adherence to lifestyle therapy, though this was not assessed during the trial.
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Stage Two Of Hypertension
This stage is referred to as prehypertension. Systolic will be between 130 and 139 mm Hg and diastolic will be between 80 and 89 mm Hg. Prehypertension is exactly what it sounds like, the stage before someone crosses into hypertension. A person who is at stage two of hypertension is at risk for developing high blood pressure, but still has a chance to avoid it.
At this stage, a person has some risk of experiencing heart disease or a stroke. Medication is typically not used at this point because it hasnât been proven to help against potential strokes or heart disease at this stage. However, a person should still try to make lifestyle changes to avoid hypertension. This could mean quitting smoking or changing the way you eat. Exercise is a great way of lowering your blood pressure, as is trying the DASH diet.
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What Is Different From Prior Guidelines
These recommendations for early treatment of stage 1 hypertension differ from the prior guidelines with the suggestion of pharmacologic intervention for patients whose blood pressure does not respond to lifestyle modifications. Like the 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension clinical practice guidelines, vigorous implementation of nonpharmacologic or lifestyle therapy remains the initial recommendation for patients with stage 1 hypertension who have an estimated 10-year ASCVD risk of less than 10%. The blood pressure in these patients should be reassessed after 3 to 6 months.
How To Treat The Different Stages Of Hypertension
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The American Heart Association released an updated hypertension guideline in 2017 that discussed new blood pressure targets and treatment recommendations for patients with high blood pressure.
In the new hypertension guideline, the definition of hypertension was altered to reflect new targets for systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements. These blood pressure targets help guide clinical decision making by categorizing hypertension: normal BP, elevated BP, stage 1, and stage 2.1
Previously, high blood pressure was defined as a systolic blood pressure measurement of 140 mmHg or higher or a diastolic blood pressure measurement of 90 mmHg or higher.1 The updated guideline redefined hypertension as a systolic blood pressure measurement of 130 mmHg and greater or diastolic blood pressure measurement of 80 mmHg and beyond.1 As a result, patients with systolic BP measurements greater than or equal to 140/90 mmHg are now considered to have stage 2 hypertension.1
There are more hypertensive patients than ever beforethis widespread condition is projected to increase 8% between 2013 and 2030.2 Therefore, the hypertension guideline provided new treatment recommendations that included both lifestyle changes and pharmacological strategies to help manage this condition.1 It is key for healthcare providers to have a comprehensive understanding of how to effectively treat the various stages of hypertension to help prevent its dangerous effects.
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