The Influence Of Ambient Temperature On Blood Pressure And Blood Pressure Variability
Exposure to cold temperatures may increase sympathetic nervous system activation and vasoconstriction, and reduce endothelial function, which may contribute to an increase in BP. In a study of the Framingham offspring cohort, brachial flow-mediated dilation and its independent association with seasonal temperature were analyzed. The results showed that the highest FMD occurred in the warmest temperature quartiles and the lowest FMD occurred in the coldest outdoor temperature quartiles. Furthermore, studies using both in-office and out-of-office BP measurements have consistently shown an elevation in BP during the colder season. For example, a study by Lewington et al cross-sectionally assessed the seasonal variation in BP and its relationship to the outdoor temperature in 506 673 individuals from 10 regions in China, using data from the China Kadoorie Biobank. The results showed that the mean difference in systolic blood pressure between the summer and winter months was 10 mm Hg. Additionally, for outdoor temperatures over 5°C, there was a 5.7 mm Hg increase in SBP per 10°C decrease in the outdoor temperature. The lack of an association between the outdoor temperature and BP at temperatures below 5°C may have been due to the confounding effect of indoor heating. In a study by Saeki et al, ambulatory BP monitoring parameters were more strongly associated with the indoor temperature than with the outdoor temperature during the colder months.
The Association Estimates On Hr And Bp
Many studies have examined the effects of temperature on HR and BP by cross-sectional and longitudinal studies worldwide,,,,,,,. An increase in BP associated with exposure to decreasing outdoor temperature was reported by these studies,,,,,,,. The effects of increasing outdoor temperature on HR and BP only has been reported by one study: SBP was found to decrease with the increase in outdoor temperature. However, in our study, both cold and hot effects were discovered: the increased HR and BP were found with the decrease/increase in temperature below/above the threshold. The reason for this inconsistence might be the linear temperature-HR and BP relationship assumed by these studies, whereas we assumed non-linear relationships of temperature-HR and BP. Assuming linear relationships may be unable to capture the real relation, and thus underestimate the hot effect.
Indoor Temperature And Hypertension: A Surprising Correlation
As winter progresses, most people are turning up the thermostats in their home. However, a warmer home does not just make us more comfortable according to a study published in the Journal of Hypertension, it also protects us against high blood pressure .
The British study, which followed nearly 5000 people, found that every degree decrease in home temperature correlated with a 0.48 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure and a 0.45 mmHg increase in diastolic blood pressure.
Normal blood pressure ranges from 90/60 mmHg to 120/80 mmHg. The top number represents systolic blood pressure, and the bottom number represents diastolic blood pressure. In the coldest homes in the study, the average blood pressure was 127/75 considered pre-high blood pressure. However, in the warmest homes in the study, the average blood pressure was 121/71 normal blood pressure.
Could it be that socioeconomic differences led to this result, that people who could not afford to heat their homes properly could also not afford proper medical treatment? The study controlled for these factors, as well as for other demographic differences and outdoor temperature, and the results remained the same.
What is the indoor temperature associated with normal blood pressure? The studys authors recommend a minimum temperature of 70°F .
Our care and services allow people who would otherwise need to live in a nursing home to live where they want in their own communities, in their own homes.
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Does Vasoconstriction Enhance Temperature
Blood vessels supplying blood to the pores and skin can swell or dilate vasodilation. This causes extra warmth to be carried by the blood to the pores and skin, the place it may be misplaced to the air. Blood vessels can shrink down once more vasoconstriction. This reduces warmth loss via the pores and skin as soon as the physiques temperature has returned to regular.
Water Content In The Diet
Although drinking water can lower blood pressure, so can a diet high in fruit and vegetables. That is because many vegetables and fruit are mostly made of water.
A diet high in processed foods full of salt and sugar will increase your blood pressure. However, a diet rich in vegetables and fruit will lower your blood pressure. You will want to get organic fruit and vegetables when available, which are free from pesticides.
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What Happens To Cardiac Output When Blood Pressure Increases
With decreased stroke volume, due to decreased venous return, volume there is a decreased cardiac output and a decreased blood pressure. With increased stroke volume, due to increased venous return and/or increased contractility, there is an increased cardiac output and increased blood pressure.
The Influence Of The Ambient Temperature On Blood Pressure And How It Will Affect The Epidemiology Of Hypertension In Asia
Division of Cardiology, Yonsei Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
Integrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
Correspondence
Kazuomi Kario, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Guru Prasad Sogunuru MD, DM
MIOT International Hospital, Chennai, India
College of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu University, Bharatpur, Nepal
Jam Chin Tay MBBS, FAMS
Department of General Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore
Yu-Qing Zhang MD
Divisions of Hypertension and Heart Failure, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
Huynh Van Minh MD, PhD
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
Division of Cardiology, Yonsei Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
Correspondence
Guru Prasad Sogunuru MD, DM
MIOT International Hospital, Chennai, India
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When Vasoconstriction Can Cause Headaches
On the other hand, too much caffeine can cause excess vasoconstriction in the brain. This may trigger a migraine or headache. The American Migraine Association explains that this may happen because the body becomes dependent on caffeine. Withdrawal symptoms from coffee and headache medications include headache pain, nausea, and fatigue.
Whats The Best Hydration Drink
Now knowing that high blood pressure is a dehydration symptom, you may be wondering, Whats the best hydration drink? Given all the advertising you probably see for sports drinks and electrolyte drinks, you may be surprised to learn that they might not be the best way to replenish electrolytes and maintain a proper body temperature.
Many sports drinks and electrolyte drinks have more grams of sugar than is healthy, especially if you drink a large quantity of them. Natural spring water, on the other hand, is completely sugar-free, of course. Drinking spring water also helps your body achieve the right balance of electrolytes.
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Systolic And Diastolic Pressures
When systemic arterial blood pressure is measured, it is recorded as a ratio of two numbers , expressed as systolic pressure over diastolic pressure. The systolic pressure is the higher value and reflects the arterial pressure resulting from the ejection of blood during ventricular contraction, or systole. The diastolic pressure is the lower value and represents the arterial pressure of blood during ventricular relaxation, or diastole.
Figure 1. The graph shows the components of blood pressure throughout the blood vessels, including systolic, diastolic, mean arterial, and pulse pressures.
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Cold Weather Hikes Blood Pressure Uf Scientist Warns
- Date:
- University Of Florida Health Science Center
- Summary:
- When winter arrives and temperatures drop, theres one place the mercury actually rises in blood pressure gauges. A survival mechanism in people and other mammals constricts blood vessels in cold weather, to conserve heat and maintain body temperature. But with less room for blood to move, pressure rises along with the risk of fatal heart attack and stroke, which peaks during winter.
When winter arrives and temperatures drop, theres one place the mercury actually rises in blood pressure gauges.
A survival mechanism in people and other mammals constricts blood vessels in cold weather, to conserve heat and maintain body temperature. But with less room for blood to move, pressure rises along with the risk of fatal heart attack and stroke, which peaks during winter.
Many of these deaths could be prevented with simple precautions, says University of Florida blood pressure expert Zhongjie Sun, M.D., Ph.D., an assistant professor of physiology and medicine who has just uncovered a new facet of the mysterious mechanism after identifying a gene that triggers cold-induced high blood pressure in mice. UF researchers describe their findings in the current issue of the American Journal of Physiology Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology.
Everyone should bear in mind that cold temperature is a risk factor , Sun said.
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Are Pulse And Blood Pressure The Same Thing
Nope! Pulse measures your heart rate, while blood pressure measures how forcefully your blood moves through your veins. With pulse, you can even measure it without any kind of monitor or another tool. Pulse is also dependent on your blood pressure. When you exercise, your pulse is supposed to go up. Depending on how often you exercise, it may take a bit for your pulse to return to normal after your workout.
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Therapeutic Use And Rationale
As the name implies, vasoconstrictor drugs contract the smooth muscle in blood vessels, which causes the vessels to constrict. Constriction of arterial vessels increases systemic vascular resistance, which leads to an increase in arterial blood pressure because mean arterial pressure is determined by the product of systemic vascular resistance and cardiac output. Constriction of venous vessels increases venous blood pressure and increases cardiac preload and cardiac output by the Frank-Starling mechanism, which increases arterial pressure. Because vasoconstrictor drugs increase arterial pressure, they comprise a functional group of drugs known as pressor drugs.
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Changing The Diameter Of Arterioles And Veins
Muscle tissue within the walls of arterioles allow these blood vessels to widen or narrow . The more constricted arterioles are, the greater their resistance to blood flow and the higher the blood pressure. Constriction of arterioles increases blood pressure because more pressure is needed to force blood through the narrower space. Conversely, dilation of arterioles reduces resistance to blood flow, thus reducing blood pressure. The degree to which arterioles are constricted or dilated is affected by
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Nerves that contract smooth muscle in the arterioles, thus reducing their diameter
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Hormones Endocrine Function The main function of endocrine glands is to secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Hormones are chemical substances that affect the activity of another part of the body read more that are primarily made by the kidneys
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Certain drugs
Veins also play a role in the control of blood pressure, although their effect on blood pressure is much less than that of arterioles. Veins dilate and constrict to change how much blood they can hold . When veins constrict, their capacity to hold blood is reduced, allowing more blood to return to the heart from which it is pumped into the arteries. As a result, blood pressure increases. Conversely, when veins dilate, their capacity to hold blood is increased, allowing less blood to return to the heart. As a result, blood pressure decreases.
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Uterine And/or Umbilical Artery Vasoconstriction
The deposition of local anesthetic in close proximity to the uterine arteries may cause uterine artery vasoconstriction, with a subsequent drop in uteroplacental perfusion. At least two studies noted that lidocaine and mepivacaine caused vasoconstriction of human uterine arteriesin vitro.41,42 Similarly, Norén etal.43,44 noted that bupivacaine caused concentration-dependent contraction of uterine arterial smooth muscle from rats and pregnant women. The calcium entry-blocking drugs verapamil and nifedipine decreased the vascular smooth muscle contraction caused by bupivacaine. The researchers concluded that the use of bupivacaine for paracervical block may cause uterine artery vasoconstriction, especially when the bupivacaine is injected close to the uterine arteries. Further, they suggested that the administration of a calcium entry-blocking drug may successfully eliminate this vasoconstrictive effect of bupivacaine.
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Relationship Of Blood Glucose Viscosity And Pressure
The correlation coefficient of blood glucose versus blood free flow time and plasma free flow time ranged from 0.59 to 0.49 and from 0.55 to 0.53, respectively. Regression lines were drawn for free flow time of blood and plasma versus blood glucose concentrations, and their slopes did not show any significant difference. Thus, the below formulas were derived from the equation y = ax + b: blood free flow time = + 12.10 plasma free flow time = + 5.4.
From these formulae, the calculated blood free flow time for a 100 mg/dL blood glucose concentration was 13.2 sec, and plasma free flow time was 6.2 sec. For each 100 mg/dL increase in blood glucose concentration, there was a 1.1 sec increase in blood free flow time and 0.8 sec increase in plasma free flow time. At 400 mg/dL blood glucose concentration, blood free flow time increased from 13.2 to 16.5 sec .
In the regression analysis, the following values were calculated: F = 11.59, P = .002 for blood free flow time and F = 14.6, P = .0007 for plasma free flow time. The squared multiple correlation coefficient value was 0.35, meaning that there was a 35% effect of the blood glucose on the blood free flow time.
Treating Vasoconstriction Or Constricted Blood Vessels
Responding immediately to signs and symptoms of vasoconstriction will reduce chances of further illnesses. Vasoconstriction treatment varies from person-to-person however, here we endeavor to explain the most common approaches.
- Medications: There are medications that act as vasodilators to increase blood flow. They work by blocking calcium channels and inhibiting the activity of alpha-adrenoceptors, which are a class of important G-protein receptors.
- Exercise: Cardio exercises for an hour each day can help combat vasoconstriction. Exercising can enhance blood flow and help dilate the blood vessels.
- Avoid cold: Being exposed to too much cold can constrict blood vessels so it is important to not stay in the cold for too long.
- Healthy diet: Maintain a healthy diet one that does not include processed foods, canned foods, or items that contain too much salt.
- Limit alcohol and drugs: Avoid alcohol intake, as well as drugs like cocaine.
- Avoid stress: The less stress, the better. Avoiding stress can help prevent acute vasoconstriction.
- Treat underlying diseases: When constriction is due to another disease, it is crucial to get proper treatment for that disease, as it can only help with the vasoconstriction.
- Massage: Some people find that massaging the area can increase blood flow so that vasoconstriction is at least temporarily reversed. Some people report that just a 10-minute massage is all it takes.
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The Dangers Of Summer Humidity For Adults With High Blood Pressure
by Shelley | Jun 15, 2018 | Healthy Aging
Older adults may already know that hot summer temperatures can create health risks like sunburn and heatstroke. But can the humidity also be dangerous?
Research shows that high humidity, especially when combined with high temperatures, may create cardiovascular risks. Specifically, humidity may have an effect on adults with high blood pressure. Heres what you should know and how seniors can protect themselves.
Why Does A Blood Vessel Dilate
A blood vessel carries blood. They also help the body regulate blood pressure and blood flow to organs. When a blood vessel dilates , it allows more blood flow.
Widening of arteries reduces blood pressure because dilation of the arteries makes it is easier for the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body.
- When arteries open, it increases the blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart.
- When veins open, it reduces the amount of blood returned to the heart chambers.
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The Associations Of Temperature With Hr And Bp In Different Groups
We stratified the study population by different characteristics, including basic characteristics, life style, socio-economic characteristics and other characteristics. Then we estimated the associations of temperature with HR, SBP and DBP for each group. We only reported the effect estimates for those groups with clear V-shaped associations . For those groups without clear thresholds, we did not examine the effects of cold and hot temperature on HR, SBP and DBP.
In general, the associations of temperature with HR, SBP and DBP were V-shaped in all groups , except for the following groups: people older than 65 years old, female, people who smoke often, people with higher income, intellectual workers, and people with hyperlipidaemia.
Except for cold effect estimate on HR, the effect estimates on HR, SBP and DBP were higher among people aged among 4564 years old than younger people . However, only the differences of hot effect estimates on BP between two age groups were statistically significant. The cold effect estimates on HR and BP were highest among people with low BMI , but the differences were not statistically significant. The differences of effects estimates between other sub-groups were inconsistent.