Who Is At Risk For Developing High Blood Pressure
Primary hypertension is the most common cause of high blood pressure in adolescents and adults, but is less common in children. Many children with high blood pressure also have adult relatives with hypertension, indicating there may be a hereditary aspect to the disease. There is a higher incidence of high blood pressure in African-American children after the age of 12 and into adulthood. Increased rates of obesity have increased the risk of developing high blood pressure in children.
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Medications For High Blood Pressure
There are a variety of medications that can help manage high blood pressure. Again, medication is typically recommended when lifestyle changes dont produce results, and in more serious blood pressure cases like stage 1 or stage 2 hypertension. Medications for high blood pressure include:
- Alpha, beta and alpha-beta blockersStop epinephrine and similar hormones from affecting the cardiovascular system, allowing the muscles of the heart and arteries to stay relaxed.
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitorsStop the body from producing angiotensin, a hormone that narrows blood vessels.
- Angiotensin receptor blockers Stop angiotensin from affecting blood vessels.
- Calcium channel blockersHelp keep arteries relaxed by preventing calcium from entering heart and artery cells.
- Central agonistsHelp control heart rate and blood flow by blocking signals between the brain and the nervous system.
- DiureticsReduce excess sodium and water in the body.
- Renin inhibitorsSlow the bodys production of the enzyme renin, which can play a role in high blood pressure.
- VasodilatorsPrevent artery and vein muscles from narrowing.
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Imaging And Other Tests
Blood pressure is very closely tied to heart and kidney function, and imaging tests can assist in the diagnosis of hypertension and its associated causes and complications.
Electrocardiogram
An EKG is a fairly simple and rapid test that assesses your heart rhythm. Heart rhythm abnormalities can cause high blood pressure. Likewise, hypertension can produce long-term changes that result in heart rhythm abnormalities.
Echocardiogram
Your heart function can be examined using an imaging test that visualizes your heart as it moves. Excessively high blood pressure may produce changes that can be identified using echocardiography, and some heart function abnormalities can produce high blood pressure.
Ultrasound
A test that is useful for evaluating the kidneys and the blood vessels, an ultrasound may be needed if your healthcare provider is concerned about certain aspects of your blood flow. For example, if your healthcare provider believes that you may have excessive narrowing in one or more of your blood vessels, this can be evaluated using an ultrasound.
CT Scan or MRI
If your healthcare provider suspects a tumor as the cause of your high blood pressure, you may need to have an imaging test, such as CT scan or MRI, usually to evaluate the kidneys or adrenal glands.
What If Lifestyle Changes Dont Help Lower My Blood Pressure
If diet, exercise and other lifestyle changes dont work to lower your blood pressure, your healthcare provider will prescribe medications to help lower your blood pressure. Your provider will take into account other conditions you may have, such as heart or kidney disease and other drugs youre taking when prescribing medications to treat your high blood pressure. Be sure to follow your providers dosing directions exactly.
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Whats The Best Way To Diagnose Hbp
The best way to diagnose high blood pressure is to have your blood pressure measured.
How a blood pressure test works
- A blood pressure reading is taken with a pressure cuff .
- During the test, the cuff is placed around the upper arm before being manually or electronically inflated.
- Once inflated, the cuff compresses the brachial artery, momentarily stopping blood flow.
- Next, air in the cuff is slowly released while the person performing the measurement listens with a stethoscope or monitors an electronic readout.
Watch an interactive animation of a manual blood pressure test, including the sounds that a medical professional hears as the blood moves through the brachial artery in your arm.
Your blood pressure reading is recorded as two numbers:
- Systolic blood pressure indicates how much pressure your blood is exerting against your artery walls during heartbeats.
- Diastolic blood pressure indicates how much pressure your blood is exerting against your artery walls while the heart is resting between beats.
Heart Attack And Heart Disease
High blood pressure can damage your arteries by making them less elastic, which decreases the flow of blood and oxygen to your heart and leads to heart disease. In addition, decreased blood flow to the heart can cause:
- Chest pain, also called angina.
- Heart attack, which happens when the blood supply to your heart is blocked and heart muscle begins to die without enough oxygen. The longer the blood flow is blocked, the greater the damage to the heart.
- Heart failure, a condition that means your heart cant pump enough blood and oxygen to your other organs.
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Which Number Matters More
The answer is both. Years ago, doctors focused more on the bottom number, but it is now understood that the top number is just as important.
Both numbers can define high blood pressure and the need for treatment, Baker said.
A normal reading is less than 120 over 80. Readings above that are now considered elevated or high. The new guidelines, which were announced last November and are based on years of data, now mean that many more Americans are categorized as having high blood pressure.
High blood pressure is not a disease by itself, but its a risk factor for things like heart attack, kidney failure, stroke and more, Baker said. The new guidelines dont necessarily mean that many more people have to be on medication. They just mean a very large number of people need to be aware they have elevated or high blood pressure and need to do something about it.
High Blood Pressure After Eating
Your blood pressure is typically lower after eating because the body sends blood to the gastrointestinal system to help with digestion, causing blood pressure to lower temporarily in the rest of the body.
Although high blood pressure after eating is not typical, it can be caused by consuming certain food and drink.
This article discusses symptoms, potential causes, diagnosis, and treatment of high blood pressure after eating.
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High blood pressure occurs when the force of blood that flows through the arteries is higher than it should be. Anything over 130/80 mm HG is considered high blood pressure.
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What Medications Are Used To Treat High Blood Pressure
Four classes of high blood pressure medications are considered first line when starting treatment. Sometimes other medications are coupled with these first-line drugs to better control your high blood pressure. First-line, pressure-lowering medications are:
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors block the production of the angiotensin II hormone, which the body naturally uses to control blood pressure. When angiotensin II is blocked, your blood vessels dont narrow. Examples: lisinopril , enalapril or captopril.
- Angiotensin II receptor blockers block this same hormone from binding with receptors in the blood vessels. ARBs work the same way as ACE inhibitors to keep blood vessels from narrowing. Examples: metoprolol , valsartan or losartan.
- Calcium channel blockers prevent calcium from entering the muscle cells of your heart and blood vessels, allowing these vessels to relax. Examples: amlodipine , nifedipine , diltiazem .
- Diuretics flush excess sodium from your body, reducing the amount of fluid in your blood. Diuretics are often used with other high blood pressure medicines, sometimes in one combined pill. Examples: indapamide, hydrochlorothiazide or chlorothiazide.
Stroke And Brain Problems
High blood pressure can cause the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the brain to burst or be blocked, causing a stroke. Brain cells die during a stroke because they do not get enough oxygen. Stroke can cause serious disabilities in speech, movement, and other basic activities. A stroke can also kill you.
Having high blood pressure, especially in midlife, is linked to having poorer cognitive function and dementia later in life. Learn more about the link between high blood pressure and dementia from the National Institutes of Healths Mind Your Risks®external icon campaign.
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Other Tests For High Blood Pressure
Your doctor may recommend further testing to determine the cause of your high blood pressure readings and create an individualized treatment plan to help manage the condition. Other tests for high blood pressure include:
Lab tests
Blood tests and urine tests may be necessary to check the health of your kidneys and your levels of salt, sugar, cholesterol, and hormones.
Electrocardiogram
This test will measure your heart’s electrical activity.
Echocardiogram
An echocardiogram uses sound waves to create an image of the heart which can be useful in diagnosing cardiovascular illnesses, including high blood pressure.
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High Blood Pressure And Daily Activity
Check with your doctor before starting a new activity or increasing your level or intensity. Be active safely. Build up your levels of activity gradually.
Try to do at least 30 to 45 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity on most, if not all, days of the week. This can be done in bouts of 10 minutes or longer, if that is more convenient.
Physical activity is any form of bodily movement performed by our large muscle groups. Moderate-intensity physical activity , such as brisk walking or cycling, is enough to provide health benefits.
Walking is a great activity for all ages. You may like to join one of the Heart Foundations community walking groups.
Some types of exercises, such as body presses and lifting heavy weights, can raise your blood pressure. Avoid these if you have high blood pressure.
Variations In Blood Pressure
Your blood pressure changes to meet your bodys needs. If a reading is high, your doctor may measure your blood pressure again on several separate occasions to confirm the level.
Your doctor may also recommend that you measure your blood pressure at home or have a 24-hour recording with a monitoring device.
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When Is Blood Pressure Considered High
High blood pressure , is blood pressure that is higher than 120/80mm Hg. While its normal for your blood pressure to rise and fall slightly throughout the day , you may be diagnosed with hypertension if your blood pressure consistently stays above the normal range.
High blood pressure ranges can be categorized.
Elevated blood pressure
You might have elevated blood pressure if your readings show your systolic blood pressure is 120129mm Hg and your diastolic blood pressure is below 80mm Hg. Elevated blood pressure gradually gets worse over time without treatment.
Stage 1 hypertension
This consists of systolic blood pressure of 130139mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure of 8089mm Hg.
Stage 2 hypertension
A systolic blood pressure of 140mm Hg or higher and/or diastolic blood pressure of 90mm Hg or higher suggests you might have stage 2 hypertension.
Hypertensive crisis
Seek medical attention right away if your blood pressure reading is higher than 180/120mm Hg. If you see this reading when taking your blood pressure at home, wait five minutes and take your blood pressure again to ensure its accurate. Get urgent medical help if your blood pressure reading is still high.
When To See A Healthcare Provider
It is important that you do not attempt to diagnose yourself with high blood pressure. Contact a healthcare provider if:
- Your blood pressure reading is consistently higher than normal.
- You have more than one unusually high blood pressure reading.
- Your blood pressure is 180/120 mm Hg or greater, without any other symptoms.
If your blood pressure is 180/120 mm Hg or higher and you have any of the following symptoms, call 911, as these are signs of a hypertensive crisis:
Call 911 or your healthcare provider immediately if you are pregnant and have a systolic blood pressure reading of 160 mm Hg or higher or a diastolic reading of 110 mm Hg or higher. This could be a sign of preeclampsia.
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