What Are The Symptoms Of Preeclampsia
Possible symptoms of preeclampsia include:
- High blood pressure
- Too much protein in your urine
- Swelling in your face and hands. Your feet may also swell, but many women have swollen feet during pregnancy. So swollen feet by themselves may not be a sign of a problem.
- Headache that does not go away
- Vision problems, including blurred vision or seeing spots
- Pain in your upper right abdomen
- Trouble breathing
Eclampsia can also cause seizures, nausea and/or vomiting, and low urine output. If you go on to develop HELLP syndrome, you may also have bleeding or bruising easily, extreme fatigue, and liver failure.
How Will My Doctor Treat My High Blood Pressure While I Am Pregnant
The treatment will depend on the reason for your high blood pressure:
Chronic hypertension: If you are already taking medicine for high blood pressure, your doctor may want you to keep taking that medicine. If that medicine is not safe for the baby, your doctor might want you to change to another medicine or to stop taking medicine while you are pregnant. Your doctor will pay special attention to how your baby is growing. You might have ultrasound exams more often. You might have some other tests near the end of your pregnancy to make sure that your baby is healthy. Your doctor will watch closely for signs of preeclampsia.
Preeclampsia: How your doctor treats this condition depends on how close you are to your due date and how you and your baby are doing. The only treatment that stops preeclampsia is to deliver the baby. If your baby has to be born premature, it may have serious health problems. But your doctor may want your baby to be delivered early if you or the baby are too sick. If your doctor thinks it is safe for the pregnancy to go on, he or she will watch you and your baby very closely until delivery. You will see your doctor often in the office and get blood tests. Your baby will also get some tests to make sure the baby is healthy. You might stay home from work and rest in bed.
What Are The Treatments For Preeclampsia
Delivering the baby can often cure preeclampsia. When making a decision about treatment, your provider take into account several factors. They include how severe it is, how many weeks pregnant you are, and what the potential risks to you and your baby are:
- If you are more than 37 weeks pregnant, your provider will likely want to deliver the baby.
- If you are less than 37 weeks pregnant, your health care provider will closely monitor you and your baby. This includes blood and urine tests for you. Monitoring for the baby often involves ultrasound, heart rate monitoring, and checking on the baby’s growth. You may need to take medicines, to control your blood pressure and to prevent seizures. Some women also get steroid injections, to help the baby’s lungs mature faster. If the preeclampsia is severe, you provider may want you to deliver the baby early.
The symptoms usually go away within 6 weeks of delivery. In rare cases, symptoms may not go away, or they may not start until after delivery . This can be very serious, and it needs to be treated right away.
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How High Blood Pressure Impacts Labour And Birth
If you have high blood pressure, both you and your baby will be closely monitored during the pregnancy. During labour, the babys heart will be continuously monitored and you may have an intravenous drip to give you fluid and medication. If your condition seems to be worsening during labour, you may need an emergency caesarean.
If you have pre-eclampsia, it will normally be recommended that you have the baby in a large maternity hospital which can provide expert care for both mother and baby. It may mean the baby is born early or is smaller than expected.
Key Points About Gestational Hypertension
- Gestational hypertension is a form of high blood pressure in pregnancy. It occurs in about 3 in 50 pregnancies.
- This condition can affect the health of both the mother and the baby, depending on how severe the issue is.
- The goal of treatment is to prevent the condition from getting worse and causing other problems.
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Why Is Gestational Hypertension A Concern
With high blood pressure, there is an increase in the resistance of blood vessels. This may hinder blood flow in many different organ systems in the expectant mother including the liver, kidneys, brain, uterus, and placenta.
There are other problems that may develop as a result of severe gestational hypertension . Placental abruption may occur in some pregnancies. Gestational hypertension can also lead to fetal problems including intrauterine growth restriction and stillbirth.
If untreated, severe gestational hypertension may cause dangerous seizures and even death in the mother and fetus. Because of these risks, it may be necessary for the baby to be delivered early, before 37 weeks gestation.
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Who Is At Risk For Preeclampsia
You are at higher risk of preeclampsia if you:
- Had chronic high blood pressure or chronic kidney disease before pregnancy
- Had high blood pressure or preeclampsia in a previous pregnancy
- Damage to your kidneys, liver, brain, and other organ and blood systems
- A higher risk of heart disease for you
- Eclampsia, which happens when preeclampsia is severe enough to affect brain function, causing seizures or coma
- HELLP syndrome, which happens when a woman with preeclampsia or eclampsia has damage to the liver and blood cells. It is rare, but very serious.
What Causes High Blood Pressure Among Potential Couples
Most people develop high blood pressure from lifestyle or genetic issues. Without immediate treatment for high blood pressure at home, fertility and virility get reduced, affecting natural fertilisation.
Here are the leading reasons that escalate hypertension:
- A complete ban on eating a fat-rich diet, alcoholism and smoking
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What Causes Gestational Hypertension
Healthcare providers don’t know what causes this condition. The following things may increase your risk:
- Having high blood pressure before pregnancy or with a past pregnancy
- Having kidney disease
- Being younger than 20 years of age or older than 40 years of age
- Bring pregnant with multiples, such as twins or triplets
- Being African American
What Is Normal Blood Pressure In Pregnancy
Normal blood pressure in pregnancy is less than 120/80 mm Hg. That’s expressed as “120 over 80.”
Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury , and the measurement has two numbers. The top number is the pressure of your blood against the walls of your arteries when your heart contracts and pumps blood. The bottom number is when the heart relaxes and fills with blood.
High blood pressure is diagnosed when either the systolic or diastolic number is at an unhealthy level or if both are.
The guidelines for blood pressure readings during pregnancy are:
- Normal: Less than 120/80 mm Hg
- Mild hypertension: Higher than 140/90 mm Hg
- Severe hypertension: Higher than 160/110 mm Hg
These numbers are different than guidelines for blood pressure for people who aren’t pregnant.
Your provider or a medical assistant will measure your blood pressure at each prenatal visit. Your healthcare provider may also ask you to monitor your blood pressure at home.
Before concluding that you have hypertension, your provider will probably take your blood pressure readings at least two different times. That’s because your blood pressure varies throughout the day, and it can go down when you’re relaxed and up when you’re active or stressed. Some people may have an above-normal blood pressure reading because they get nervous at the doctor’s office a phenomenon called “white-coat hypertension.”
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Pulse Oximeter Readings Normal Range
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How Is It Treated
You may need to take medicine if your doctor thinks your blood pressure is too high. Medicines used to treat high blood pressure during pregnancy include methyldopa and nifedipine.
Some common blood pressure medicines are not safe during pregnancy. If you take medicine for chronic high blood pressure:
- Talk to your doctor about the safety of your medicine before you become pregnant or as soon as you learn you are pregnant.
- Be sure that your doctor has a complete list of all the medicines you take.
To reduce your risk for preeclampsia, your doctor may recommend that you take low-dose aspirin during the second and third trimesters of your pregnancy.
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Severe Hypertension Or If Pre
If your blood pressure becomes severely high or you develop pre-eclampsia, you may be referred to an obstetrician or a specialist for treatment or monitoring and may need admission to hospital. You will need much closer supervision and will probably need to have your baby early.
The treatment and monitoring aim to keep you and your baby safe while your baby grows and develops as much as possible. If your baby does need to be delivered early there are treatments available to decrease the complications of being born prematurely.Read more about pre-eclampsia.
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What Is Gestational Hypertension
Gestational hypertension is high blood pressure in pregnancy. It occurs in about 3 in 50 pregnancies.
This condition is different from chronic hypertension. Chronic hypertension happens when a woman has high blood pressure before she gets pregnant. Its also different from preeclampsia and eclampsia. These are other blood pressure problems in pregnancy.
This issue often starts in the second half of pregnancy. It normally goes away after your baby is born.
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Hypertension Canada And Society Of Obstetricians And Gynaecologists Of Canada
Women should have their BP measured using a standardized protocol after a period of rest in a quiet environment and be in a sitting position with their arm at the level of the heart using an appropriately sized cuff .
The arm with higher BP values should be used for hypertension diagnosis and BP monitoring.
Nonsevere elevated BP should be remeasured at the same visit, with at least a gap of 15 minutes from the first measurement.
More than 50% of women with a first BP reading of 140/90 mm Hg have white-coat effect.
Hypertension in pregnancy is defined as an SBP 140 mm Hg and/or a DBP 90 mm Hg .
Severity of hypertension in pregnancy is considered on the basis of the presence of target organ involvement as well as the actual BP level.
BP levels between 140/90 mm Hg and < 160/110 mm Hg are considered nonsevere hypertension in pregnancy.
A BP level of 160/110 mm Hg is associated with increased risk of maternal stroke in pregnancy and is therefore considered the diagnostic threshold of severe hypertension in pregnancy.
Antihypertensive therapy is recommended for average SBP measurements of 140 mm Hg or DBP measurements of 90 mm Hg in pregnant women with chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, or preeclampsia.
Initial antihypertensive therapy should be monotherapy from the following first-line drugs: oral labetalol, oral methyldopa, long-acting oral nifedipine, or other oral -blockers .
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What Are The Symptoms Of Gestational Hypertension
Symptoms can occur a bit differently in each pregnancy.
The main symptom is high blood pressure in the second half of pregnancy. But some women dont have any symptoms.
High blood pressure in pregnancy can lead to other serious issues. These can include preeclampsia. You should watch for signs of high blood pressure. They can include:
- Headache that doesnt go away
- Vision changes, such as blurred or double vision
- Nausea or vomiting
- Pain in the upper right side of your belly, or pain around your stomach
- Making small amounts of urine
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If You Are Already Taking Medicine For High Blood Pressure
If you’re already taking medicine to lower your blood pressure and want to try for a baby, talk to your GP or specialist first. They may want to switch you to a different medicine before you get pregnant.
If you find out you’re already pregnant, tell your doctor immediately. They may need to change your medicine as soon as possible.
This is because some medicines that treat high blood pressure may not be safe to take when you’re pregnant. They can reduce the blood flow to the placenta and your baby, or affect your baby in other ways.
Cardiovascular Findings In Preeclampsia
Home and ambulatory blood pressure measurements are increasingly being used in the pregnant population. Assuming the blood pressure device is accurate , the measurements may provide valuable additional data regarding hypertension severity and control during pregnancy.
In most normal pregnancies, the woman has some lower extremity edema by the third trimester. In contrast, a sudden worsening in dependent edema, edema in nondependent areas , or rapid weight gain suggest a pathologic process and warrant further evaluation for preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is a multisystem disease with various physical signs.
Women should be allowed to sit quietly for 5-10 minutes before each blood pressure measurement. Blood pressure should be measured in the sitting position, with the cuff at the level of the heart. Inferior vena caval compression by the gravid uterus while the patient is supine can alter readings substantially, leading to an underestimation of the blood pressure. Similarly, blood pressures measured in the left lateral position may yield falsely low values if the blood pressure is measured in the higher arm, unless the cuff is carefully maintained at the level of the heart.
Maternal SBP greater than 160 mm Hg or DBP greater than 110 mm Hg denotes severe disease depending on the gestational age and maternal status, delivery should be considered for sustained pressures in this range.
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