What Do Diuretics Treat
Diuretic medications can help with:
- High blood pressure.
- Unbalanced electrolytes.
Your provider will want to make sure your kidneys are working right and your potassium level is normal when youre taking diuretic pills. If youre pregnant, breastfeeding, an older adult or have problems with your kidneys or liver, discuss the risks of diuretics with your provider.
What Foods Or Drugs Interact With Them
To avoid a potential problem, tell your doctor and pharmacist about all the medicines you are taking, including:
- Herbal preparations
- Corticosteroids
Some diuretics may require you to avoid or eat certain foods. Follow your doctor’s advice, which may include:
- A potassium supplement or high-potassium foods such as bananas and orange juice.
As always, talk with your doctor.
Managing Your Blood Pressure
Keeping your blood pressure at a good level is important to your health, and prescription drugs are only part of the solution to hypertension. It can also help if you:
- Take your medicines as prescribed
- Check your blood pressure at the same time each day, if your healthcare provider wants you to track it
Lifestyle changes may help you control your blood pressure with lower doses of medication, or they may allow you to go off of medication altogether. These include:
- Eating a healthy diet
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The Differences In Diuretics
Each of the three types of diuretic medication increases the amount of sodium you excrete through urination, but they affect different areas of your kidneys. Your kidneys are the filters through which toxins and excess fluids are flushed from your body.
When you take a diuretic medication, the drug signals to your kidneys that you need to get rid of more sodium. Water binds to the sodium and is then removed during urination, leaving you with a lower blood volume. The reduction in blood volume slows the rate at which blood flows through your blood vessels, helping to decrease your blood pressure.
Thiazide and loop diuretics may also cause you to lose potassium in addition to water and sodium. Potassium is an important mineral that maintains healthy fluid levels and regulates heart and muscle function. Your doctor may advise you to take a potassium supplement or to eat foods rich in the nutrient to combat low potassium levels.
- Brussels sprouts
Potassium-sparing diuretics dont pose as much of a threat to your potassium levels. However, they arent as effective in treating hypertension as the other types of diuretic medications, so theyre often prescribed along with other drugs.
While thiazide diuretics are the primary treatment method for people who have hypertension-related heart disease, your doctor will tailor your drug regimen to your specific health concerns. Your specific medication may contain more than one type of diuretic agent in a single pill or dose.
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Diuretics Are Best First Choice for African Americans, Others
That increased risk is so great that what defines good blood pressure control is now lower for African Americans than for whites, but new research shows that in this group, water pills remain the drug of choice for the initial treatment of high blood pressure.
Using data from a landmark high blood pressure study, researchers showed that the oldest and cheapest blood pressure medications work better as the initial treatment for high blood pressure, in both African Americans and other races, than newer, more expensive drugs.
The findings show that thiazide-type diuretics, known as water pills, which cost just pennies a pill, are a better choice for the initial treatment of high blood pressure than the newer drugs, known as ACE inhibitors and calcium-channel blockers.
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Can You Overdose On Diuretics
Yes. If you skip a dose, you should not take a double dose to “catch up.” However, further research is needed on diuretic overdoses. If you have accidentally taken your diuretic twice, you should call your doctor. Overdosing on diuretics is generally not serious, but it can cause:
Most diuretics can cause a significant drop in potassium if you take too much, which may cause muscle weakness, cramps, and an irregular heartbeat. Potassium-sparing diuretics can lead to too much potassium in the bloodstream, resulting in weakness, abdominal pain, diarrhea, heart palpitations, and chest pain.
If you overdose on diuretics, you will be treated with IV fluids and possibly other treatments to correct electrolyte imbalances. For example, as an overdose can cause hypernatremia, which results from too little sodium, saline would be administered. While diuretic overdose is not generally serious, it can be if you have weak kidneys or are prone to high potassium.
If you skip a dose, you should take it when you realize it, but not too close to your next dose. It is better to miss a dose than to double up.
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What Other Information Should I Know
Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory. Your blood pressure should be checked regularly, and blood tests should be done occasionally.
Before having any laboratory test, tell your doctor and the laboratory personnel that you are taking hydrochlorothiazide.
Do not let anyone else take your medicine. Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about refilling your prescription.
It is important for you to keep a written list of all of the prescription and nonprescription medicines you are taking, as well as any products such as vitamins, minerals, or other dietary supplements. You should bring this list with you each time you visit a doctor or if you are admitted to a hospital. It is also important information to carry with you in case of emergencies.
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Overviews Of The Classes Of Blood Pressure Medications
Summaries of some of the major types of commonly prescribed cardiovascular medications are provided here.
- For your information and reference, we have included generic names as well as major trade names to help you identify what you may be taking. However, this information does not signify a recommendation or endorsement from the American Heart Association.
- If your prescription medication isnt on this list, remember that your healthcare provider and pharmacist are your best sources of information.
- It’s important to discuss all of the drugs you take with your doctor and understand their desired effects and possible side effects.
- Never stop taking a medication and never change your dose or frequency without first consulting your doctor.
Fda Warning: Dehydration Risk
- This drug has a boxed warning. This is the most serious warning from the Food and Drug Administration . A boxed warning alerts doctors and patients to drug effects that may be dangerous.
- Furosemide is a strong diuretic that helps your body get rid of excess water. It does this by increasing the amount of urine your body makes. If you take too much of this drug, it can lead to very low amounts of water and electrolytes in your body. This can cause dehydration. Your doctor will monitor your fluid levels and may change your dosage based on those levels.
- Low blood pressure warning: This drug can cause low blood pressure. Symptoms include feeling dizzy and faint after standing up. If this occurs, move slowly when changing positions after sitting or lying down. If this problem continues, call your doctor.
- Low potassium levels warning: This drug can cause low potassium levels. Symptoms include tiredness, muscle weakness, and nausea or vomiting. Call your doctor if you have these symptoms.
- Low thyroid levels warning: High doses of furosemide can cause low levels of thyroid hormones. If youre taking high doses of this drug and have symptoms of thyroid problems, call your doctor. These symptoms can include:
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Angiotensin Ii Receptor Blockers
These drugs block the effects of angiotensin, a chemical that causes the arteries to become narrow. Angiotensin needs a receptor- like a chemical “slot” to fit into or bind with- in order to constrict the blood vessel. ARBs block the receptors so the angiotensin fails to constrict the blood vessel. This means blood vessels stay open and blood pressure is reduced.
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Some noted possible side effects of Angiotensin II receptor blockers:
- May cause occasional dizziness.
- ARBs should not be used during pregnancy.Medications that act directly on the renin-angiotensin system can cause injury or even death to a developing fetus. When pregnancy is detected, consult your healthcare professional as soon as possible.
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Will Diuretics Make Me Need To Use The Bathroom More
Yes. If you are using diuretics, you will produce more urine than before taking the medication. This is why your doctor will advise you to take them first thing in the morning, as the increased urination will wear off by the time you go to bed. You could adjust the time you take them if you work nightshifts, for example.
Be aware that if you consume any other substances that make you pee more, such as alcohol, you are very likely to become dehydrated. You should not drink heavily if taking diuretics .
Talk to your doctor about how much you can adjust the time you take your diuretic. For example, if you have a long early morning flight, you might want to wait until you land to avoid extra trips to the bathroom mid-flight and the dehydration caused by flying. However, you should not take a diuretic within six hours of bedtime.
This effect often decreases after you have been on the diuretic for a while as your body finds a balance, especially if you retain a lot of water.
What Water Pills Are Available Over The Counter
There are several products available OTC that cause a diuretic effect. Most of these use either caffeine or pamabrom as the key ingredient. Both of these water pills stimulate the kidneys to make urine faster than usual. Theyre intended to help with bloating or slight swelling, usually due to menstrual cramps. They shouldnt be used as a replacement for prescription diuretics. They also shouldnt be combined with prescription diuretics unless a healthcare provider has told you to do so.
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Types Of Diuretic Pills
What are the different types of diuretics that are used for treating high blood pressure? These include thiazides, osmotic diuretics, loop diuretics and potassium-sparing water pills. Loop diuretics are drugs that prevent the reabsorption of sodium into the blood. Their effect is seen in the loop of Henle of the kidneys which is why such pills are called loop diuretics. Thiazide pills dilate the blood vessels and lower the amount of sodium and water in the body. Osmotic diuretics, as the name suggests, work on the principle of osmosis. These are diuretic pills that prevent the reabsorption of sodium and water. These increase the volume of urine as well. Potassium-sparing diuretics help in reducing the amount of sodium, but retain potassium in the body at the same time. Spironolactone, Torsemide, Chlorothiazide, Methyclothiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide, Furosemide, Indapamide, Hydroflumethiazide, Chlorthalidone and Metolazone are names of some of the common diuretic pills.
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Warnings For People With Certain Health Conditions
For people living with kidney problems: Furosemide is removed from your body by your kidneys. If you have kidney problems, more of the drug may stay in your body longer. This could lead to dangerous side effects, including very low blood pressure. Your doctor may start you on a lower dose of this drug. Your doctor may also monitor how well your kidneys are working to make sure furosemide is safe for you to take.
For people living with liver problems: If you have liver problems such as cirrhosis or ascites, its best to receive furosemide in the hospital. Furosemide can cause very low electrolyte levels, which can cause serious liver damage and loss of brain function. Your doctor will monitor you closely.
For people living withdiabetes: Furosemide can make it harder to control your blood sugar levels. Before taking this drug, be sure your doctor knows you have diabetes.
For people living with bladder disorders: If you have severe problems with emptying your bladder completely, furosemide can make your condition worse. Before taking this drug, be sure your doctor knows you have a bladder disorder.
For people living with thyroid problems: High doses of furosemide can cause low levels of thyroid hormones. Be sure to tell your doctor about your thyroid problems before you start taking furosemide.