What Are The Side Effects Of Blood Pressure Medicines
Most of the time, blood pressure medicines do not cause side effects. Some people have mild side effects, including dizziness, headaches, swelling in the legs or feet, or stomach problems.2
Some over-the-counter medicines, such as nasal decongestants, can also raise blood pressure and interact with blood pressure medicines.3 Tell your doctor about any medicines or supplements you are already taking.
All medicines have risks. Talk with your doctor about the best blood pressure medicines for you, their benefits, risks, and side effects, and any other health problems you may have.
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What If I Stop Taking Them For A Few Days
It’s important not to stop taking your pills, even for a few days, without consulting your doctor. In some cases, they may ask you to discontinue your meds for a short period so they can assess what your blood pressure would be without them.
However, it is more common to reduce your dosage to see if you dont need to take as much. This is done in the hope that you will be able to reduce your dosage and assess the impact of lifestyle changes.
Full discontinuation is most often for when your blood pressure has dropped too low due to illness, and this will only be until you recover.
Some blood pressure medication causes withdrawal symptoms that are typically mild, but can occasionally be serious. The latter form is known as “withdrawal syndrome,”² which is overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system that can cause the following symptoms:
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Rapid increase of blood pressure to pre-treatment levels or even higher. In people with very high blood pressure, this can cause a hypertensive crisis.
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Myocardial ischemia
The last two events are rare but can be serious. Because of this, it is very important not to run out of medication. Make sure to request a refill at least a week before your medication is due.
Typically, minor withdrawal symptoms will resolve once you start taking your medication again, with no other treatment needed.
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The Best Time To Your Blood Pressure
Take your blood pressure once in the morning and once in the evening. Then do two readings, at least a minute apart from each other, says Dr. Distel. If your reading seems too high or too low, wait a few minutes and then try again.
Try getting in a routine, too, so you can notice any patterns or shifts in your results.
And youll want to record your readings in a journal or notebook. Write down the date, time of day, systolic and diastolic numbers, heart rate and which arm you took the reading on. This will help you notice changes.
Dr. Distel says you can also talk to your doctor about 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. This device allows your blood pressure to be measured over a 24-hour period, even while you sleep.
It takes your blood pressure every three to five minutes, says Dr. Distel. If someone didnt want to have to constantly check their own blood pressure it could be an option.
What If Ive Made Heart
If you make diet and lifestyle that lower your blood pressure, you may be able to reduce or stop medications. For example, if you are carrying excess body weight and have high blood pressure, losing 5-10% can make a vast difference in your blood pressure numbers. You may be able to reduce the medication and eventually cease taking it altogether as you lose the weight that was causing your high blood pressure – with a doctorâs supervision.Similarly, if you increase the percentage of fiber from fruits and vegetables in your diet, you may have a big impact on your heart health.It is important to consult with your physician in these cases. While you may be healthier in some respects, this does not guarantee your high blood pressure is gone. Never stop taking medications simply because your readings are normal. Continue to track your blood pressure through daily monitoring and check in with your physician to see about trying to reduce it.
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When Treatment Is Recommended
Everyone with high blood pressure is advised to make healthy lifestyle changes.
Whether medicine is also recommended depends on your blood pressure reading and your risk of developing problems such as heart attacks or strokes.
Your doctor will carry out some blood and urine tests, and ask questions about your health to determine your risk of other problems:
- if your blood pressure is consistently above 140/90mmHg , but your risk of other problems is low you’ll be advised to make some changes to your lifestyle
- if your blood pressure is consistently above 140/90mmHg and your risk of other problems is high you’ll be offered medicine to lower your blood pressure, in addition to lifestyle changes
- if your blood pressure is consistently above 160/100mmHg you’ll be offered medicine to lower your blood pressure, in addition to lifestyle changes
When Is Medication Necessary
The higher your blood pressure is, the more likely you are to benefit from taking antihypertensive medication. If you have very high blood pressure, the risk of cardiovascular disease is so great that doctors usually recommend immediate treatment with medication. This is the case for systolic blood pressure levels over 180 mmHg.
Blood pressure that is even higher for a time, for example much higher than 200/100 mmHg, can cause symptoms like nosebleeds, headaches or dizziness. But that’s quite rare, and those kinds of symptoms will usually be caused by other things. Should you have more serious symptoms that might be a sign of an emergency such as a heart attack or stroke, it’s important to keep calm and lie down, and then seek medical attention, or preferably have someone else get help for you. These symptoms may include chest pain and vision problems or speech problems.
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Is It Different For Different People
Despite a study showing that taking high blood pressure medication at night is more effective than in the morning, it doesn’t work for everyone. In most cases, the trial may apply to patients with diabetes or sleep apnea because the blood pressure of those involved in the study tended to rise at night.
Each person is different, so blood pressure medicines do not work the same for everyone.
How Low Should Blood Pressure Be In Older Adults
Previous large studies, including the HYVET trial and the more recent SPRINT trial, have shown that treatment of high blood pressure in older adults remains important, and may reduce the risk of heart attack, heart failure, stroke, and cardiovascular death. Black adults made up 31% of the SPRINT trial study population therefore, study results could be used to make recommendations for this population, which is at increased risk for high blood pressure. However, many groups of older people were excluded, including nursing home residents, those with dementia, diabetes, and other conditions common in more frail older adults.
The most recent guidelines from the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association , published in 2017, define optimal blood pressure as less than 120/80 for most people, including older adults age 65 or above. They recommend a target of 130/80 for blood pressure that is treated with medication. The 2018 guidelines from the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension recommend a more relaxed goal of less than 140/90.
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What Are The Benefits And Risks Of Blood Pressure Medicines
The benefits of blood pressure medicines are clear: Blood pressure medicines can help you keep your blood pressure at healthy levels and therefore greatly reduce your risk of heart disease, heart attack, and stroke.
In general, the risks of taking blood pressure medicines are low. However, all medicines have risks. Talk with your doctor or health care professional about the risks of high blood pressure medicines.
Do not stop taking your current medicine without talking to your doctor or health care professional first.
What Can Happen If You Stop Taking Your High Blood Pressure Medication
High blood pressure is a serious condition, but one which typically has no symptoms until a lot of damage has been done. Because of this, it is often hard for patients to comply with their medication regimen. With no returning or worsening symptoms when you forget to take a pill, remembering to do so becomes much more challenging.
There is often a feeling that it is “no big deal” if you miss the occasional dose, or stop taking the medication altogether. However, high blood pressure medication is typically taken for life, although some drugs need to be discontinued or changed during pregnancy. Some people may also be able to taper off the medication or stop it completely if they successfully make significant lifestyle changes that cause a substantial improvement in their blood pressure.
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The Best Time To Take Blood Pressure Medication
The typical advice for when to take your antihypertensives has been to take it in the morning. However, theres growing evidence that most blood pressure medications are more effective when people take them at night.
This is largely due to a concept called chronotherapy. It is an approach to the timing of medical treatment based on circadian rhythms, the bodys natural cycle of physical changes that take place every 24 hours. The approach has been used to find the best times of day to treat other medical conditions, including sleep apnea, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes.
This article explains how different types of blood pressure medications work. It looks at how blood pressure naturally tends to rise and fall, and how the best time to take your medication may be influenced by chronotherapy principles.
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What Happened To Older Patients Whose Blood Pressure Medications Were Reduced
The OPTIMISE trial provided preliminary evidence that some older adults may be able to reduce the number of blood pressure medications they take, without causing a large increase in blood pressure. For the trial, researchers randomized 569 patients age 80 or older, with systolic blood pressure lower than 150 mm Hg, to either remain on their current blood pressure medications, or to remove at least one blood pressure medication according to a prespecified protocol. The study subjects were followed for 12 weeks to assess blood pressure response.
Researchers found that both the people who remained on their previous blood pressure medications and those who reduced the number of medications had similar control of blood pressure at the end of the study. While the mean increase in systolic blood pressure for the group that reduced medications was 3.4 mm Hg higher than the control group, the number of patients who had systolic blood pressure below the goal of 150 mm Hg at the end of the study was not significantly different between groups. Approximately two-thirds of patients were able to remain off the medication at the end of the study.
It is important to note that OPTIMISE is relatively a small study, and the investigators did not examine long-term outcomes such as heart attack, heart failure, or stroke for this study , so we dont know what the long-term effect of deprescribing would be.
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Make A Habit Out Of Taking Your High Blood Pressure Drugs
It’s easier to take your high blood pressure drugs exactly as prescribed when you make it a part of your daily routine. Try some of these ideas to help you remember to take your medication:
- Link taking your medicine with another daily routine, such as brushing your teeth or fixing your morning coffee.
- Every time you take your medication, mark it down on a calendar or in a notebook. This also gives you a record you can show your doctor so you can both determine how well the medicine is working.
- Place reminders in key spots. Sticky notes are great — they come in a variety of colors and shapes to get your attention. Put reminder notes in places you’re likely to see them, such as on your bathroom mirror or by the kitchen sink.
- Have a family member or friend call or email you to remind you to take your medicine.
High Blood Pressure In Older People
The target blood pressure reading for the over-80s is below 150/90 mmHg when it’s measured in the clinic or surgery, and below 145/85 mmHg for home readings.
While there are definite benefits from taking medicines to reduce blood pressure if you’re under the age of 80, it’s less clear it’s useful if you’re over 80.
It’s now thought that if you reach 80 while you’re taking medicine for high blood pressure, it’s fine to continue treatment provided it’s still helping you and is not causing side effects.
If you’re diagnosed with high blood pressure and you’re aged over 80, your doctor will also consider your other health risk factors when deciding whether to give you treatment for the high blood pressure.
Page last reviewed: 23 October 2019 Next review due: 23 October 2022
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What Are The 4 Stages Of Hypertension
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/90 Or Higher : You Probably Need Medication
At this level, your doctor is likely to prescribe medicine now to get your blood pressure under control. At the same time, you’ll also need to make lifestyle changes.
If you ever have blood pressure that’s 180/120 or above, it’s an emergency. You need medical help right away to get it under control.
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/80 To 139/8: You Might Need Medication
These numbers qualify as high blood pressure and you need to take action. But your doctor will probably suggest that you try out lifestyle changes first before adding drugs — unless you have other health problems.
One thing to keep in mind: Guidelines are different for older people. If you’re 60 or older, the American College of Physicians and the American Academy of Family Physicians recommend you start treatment if your top blood pressure number is 130 or higher.
How To Get Off Diabetes And High Blood Pressure Medication Naturally
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