What Is The Treatment For Hypertension And Preeclampsia In Pregnancy
“Treatment depends on the cause of the high blood pressure, how severe it is, when in in the pregnancy it occurs, whether you can control it with medication, and whether there are other features of severe preeclampsia, says Dr. Norwitz.
Its important that patients have regular prenatal care checkups with their provider, closely follow any symptoms they might experience, and check their blood pressure regularly. Providers may recommend high-risk patients take a baby aspirin to help prevent preeclampsia.
For patients with preeclampsia, the treatment plan depends on the individual pregnancy and whether or not they have severe features. If you have preeclampsia, you may need to:
- See your provider at least twice a week for testing
- Have someone at home with you in case you develop severe symptoms and need to go to the hospital
- Stay on modified bed rest with no heavy lifting
If a patient develops severe preeclampsia, they may need to stay in the hospital until they give birth. This helps health care providers safely manage the condition for both the patient and the baby. Patients with preeclampsia also should plan to deliver at a tertiary care setting, where specialists would be available to manage any complications that could arise.
Antihypertensive Medications That Are Not Safe During Pregnancy
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Some medicines used to treat high blood pressure should not be taken during pregnancy as they may harm a developing baby. |
Examples of blood pressure medicines that should not be taken during pregnancy are:
How Is Preeclampsia Treated
Your healthcare provider will advise you on the best way to treat preeclampsia. Treatment generally depends on how severe your preeclampsia is and how far along you are in pregnancy.
If you’re close to full term , your baby will probably be delivered early. You can still have a vaginal delivery, but sometimes a Cesarean delivery is recommended. Your healthcare provider may give you medication to help your baby’s lungs develop and manage your blood pressure until the baby can be delivered. Sometimes it is safer to deliver the baby early than to risk prolonging the pregnancy.
When preeclampsia develops earlier in pregnancy, you’ll be monitored closely in an effort to prolong the pregnancy and allow for the fetus to grow and develop. You’ll have more prenatal appointments, including ultrasounds, urine tests and blood draws. You may be asked to check your blood pressure at home. If you are diagnosed with severe preeclampsia, you could remain in the hospital until you deliver your baby.
If the preeclampsia worsens or becomes more severe, your baby will need to be delivered.
During labor and following delivery, people with preeclampsia are often given magnesium intravenously to prevent the development of eclampsia .
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What Are The Treatments For Preeclampsia
Delivering the baby can often cure preeclampsia. When making a decision about treatment, your provider take into account several factors. They include how severe it is, how many weeks pregnant you are, and what the potential risks to you and your baby are:
- If you are more than 37 weeks pregnant, your provider will likely want to deliver the baby.
- If you are less than 37 weeks pregnant, your health care provider will closely monitor you and your baby. This includes blood and urine tests for you. Monitoring for the baby often involves ultrasound, heart rate monitoring, and checking on the baby’s growth. You may need to take medicines, to control your blood pressure and to prevent seizures. Some women also get steroid injections, to help the baby’s lungs mature faster. If the preeclampsia is severe, you provider may want you to deliver the baby early.
The symptoms usually go away within 6 weeks of delivery. In rare cases, symptoms may not go away, or they may not start until after delivery . This can be very serious, and it needs to be treated right away.
Treatment Of High Blood Pressure
Your doctor will decide if you should take medication to keep your blood pressure under control.
The treatment of high blood pressure during pregnancy will depend on the womans condition and medical history, as well as the overall condition of the pregnancy. Your doctor will determine what to do in accordance with their personal assessment of the situation.
They may prescribe blood pressure medications that are safe for you and your baby. Take the medication as instructed by your doctor. Dont suspend it or modify your doses.
Moreover, your doctor may recommend you to drink enough liquids , that you eat a balanced diet with a low intake of salt and processed foods, such as sweets, sausages, and fried foods, and that you get plenty of rest.
More severe cases may require hospitalization to prevent the possible development of preeclampsia.
To prevent high blood pressure during pregnancy, we recommend doing regular exercise , drinking enough water, avoiding coffee and caffeinated beverages, and minimizing your salt intake.
If you have questions about this topic, talk to your doctor during your next prenatal checkup. Theyll be able to answer your questions better than anyone else by adapting the information to your personal medical history and physical condition.
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Preventing High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy
Common risk factors for high blood pressure, such as obesity, can be minimized through diet and exercise.
During pregnancy, its normal to gain some weight. If youre concerned, talk to your doctor about a target weight gain and ways to stay within a range thats healthy for you.
Dietary guidelines for pregnant women vary from person to person. A nutritionist can help create a meal plan thats designed for your specific height and weight.
Avoid smoking and drinking alcohol. Both are known to raise blood pressure and to cause other complications during pregnancy.
Salt is important during pregnancy and its usually not necessary to limit salt intake, even for women with high blood pressure. Restricting salt too much is harmful for pregnant women and can impact fetal growth and development.
Pregnancy causes hormone shifts as well as psychological and physical changes. This can bring on stress, which can make high blood pressure harder to manage. Try stress reduction techniques such as yoga and meditation.
Some traditional blood pressure medications can cause problems in pregnant women.
These medications for lowering blood pressure are typically not recommended during pregnancy:
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Can High Blood Pressure Affect The Baby
High blood pressure in pregnancy can prevent blood from flowing to the placenta. Because the baby doesnt get enough nutrients or oxygen, they are at higher risk of being low birth weight or being born prematurely.
For this reason, its very important that high blood pressure is picked up early and treated.
How Is Gestational Hypertension Diagnosed
If your blood pressure increases, your healthcare provider may diagnose you with this condition. You may also have the following tests to check for this issue:
- Blood pressure readings
- Urine testing to check for protein. This is a sign that your kidneys arent working well.
- Checking for swelling
- Checking your weight more often
- Liver and kidney function tests
- Blood clotting tests
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What Are Types Of High Blood Pressure Conditions Before During And After Pregnancy
Your doctor or nurse should look for these conditions before, during, and after pregnancy:1,11
Chronic Hypertension
Chronic hypertension means having high blood pressure* before you get pregnant or before 20 weeks of pregnancy.1 Women who have chronic hypertension can also get preeclampsia in the second or third trimester of pregnancy.1
Gestational Hypertension
This condition happens when you only have high blood pressure* during pregnancy and do not have protein in your urine or other heart or kidney problems. It is typically diagnosed after 20 weeks of pregnancy or close to delivery. Gestational hypertension usually goes away after you give birth. However, some women with gestational hypertension have a higher risk of developing chronic hypertension in the future.1,12
Preeclampsia/Eclampsia
Preeclampsia happens when a woman who previously had normal blood pressure suddenly develops high blood pressure* and protein in her urine or other problems after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Women who have chronic hypertension can also get preeclampsia.
Preeclampsia happens in about 1 in 25 pregnancies in the United States.1,13 Some women with preeclampsia can develop seizures. This is called eclampsia, which is a medical emergency.1,11
Symptoms of preeclampsia include:
Some women have no symptoms of preeclampsia, which is why it is important to visit your health care team regularly, especially during pregnancy.
You are more at risk for preeclampsia if:1
Gestational High Blood Pressure
Some women can develop new high blood pressure during their pregnancy. This is called gestational high blood pressure or pregnancy-induced high blood pressure .
Gestational high blood pressure is high blood pressure that develops for the first time after the 20th week of pregnancy. Doctors can confirm this type of high blood pressure if you do not go on to develop pre-eclampsia during your pregnancy and if your blood pressure has returned to normal within six weeks of giving birth. If you have gestational high blood pressure, you do not have protein in your urine when it is tested by your midwife or doctor during your pregnancy.
Note: some women may be found to have new high blood pressure after 20 weeks of pregnancy. At first, they may not have any protein in their urine on testing. However, they may later develop protein in their urine and so be diagnosed with pre-eclampsia . You are only said to have gestational hypertension if you do not go on to develop pre-eclampsia during your pregnancy.
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How High Blood Pressure Impacts Labour And Birth
If you have high blood pressure, both you and your baby will be closely monitored during the pregnancy. During labour, the babys heart will be continuously monitored and you may have an intravenous drip to give you fluid and medication. If your condition seems to be worsening during labour, you may need an emergency caesarean.
If you have pre-eclampsia, it will normally be recommended that you have the baby in a large maternity hospital which can provide expert care for both mother and baby. It may mean the baby is born early or is smaller than expected.
What Are Symptoms Of High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy
High blood pressure usually doesnt cause any symptoms. It is often dubbed the silent killer because many people dont know they have high blood pressure until they develop a heart attack, kidney disease, or stroke.
Some pregnant women may have symptoms of high blood pressure, such as:
- Pain in the upper stomach area
- Swelling of the face or hands
- Sudden weight gain
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Things You Can Try Yourself To Reduce High Blood Pressure
Keeping active and doing some physical activity each day, such as walking or swimming, can help keep your blood pressure in the normal range. Eating a balanced diet and keeping your salt intake low can help to reduce blood pressure.
There isn’t enough evidence to show that dietary supplements such as magnesium, folic acid or fish oils are effective at preventing high blood pressure.
Preeclampsia: Spot High Blood Pressure Symptoms During Or After Pregnancy
High blood pressure is a serious health concern. In the U.S., cardiologists and family practice doctors regularly check for high blood pressure and discuss it with patients. Obstetricians check blood pressure in their patients weekly at the end of pregnancy. But women who have recently given birth arent as likely to get the recommended follow-up they need.
High blood pressure that occurs during pregnancy is called preeclampsia. While the exact number of women who develop preeclampsia is unknown, some estimates suggest that it affects approximately 3.4 percent of pregnancies in the U.S. When blood pressure reaches greater than 160/110, its considered a medical emergency that requires treatment to prevent severe complications, such as stroke or bleeding in the brain. In fact, severe hypertension is among the leading causes of maternal death in Texas and across the country.
In the field of obstetrics, theres been an increased focus on how health care providers should address treatment of high blood pressure during pregnancy and following delivery. A large part of the discussion is doing a better job of educating patients about the symptoms of preeclampsia. But information on the subject is sparsely distributed and tends to be shuffled into the stacks of literature we send home with pregnant women and new mothers who often are focused more on their babies health than their own.
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